ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ the ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ
ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ Definite and Indefinite Articles
ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻪ , ﻭﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺮﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ( ﻗﻂ ) ﻻﺗﺼﺤﺒﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﻪ , ﻓﺎﺫﺍ ﺍﺿﻴﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ( ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺜﻼً ) ﺍﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻪ ( ﺍﻟﻘﻂ ) , ﺍﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ , ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ( The ) ﺗﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ . ﻭﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻫﻤﺎ ( an , a ) ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ( a ) ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺼﻮﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( ﺻﻮﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻘﻂ ) ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻊ ( an ) ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺼﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻪ ( ﺻﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ) ﻭﺳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ .
ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ the
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ( the ) ﻛﺄﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻭﺩﻩ ( ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ) ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﻩ ( ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﻪ ) ﻣﺜﻞ ...
the boy, the boys, the book, the music, the milk.....etc
( ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ) ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺠﺪﺭ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ( the ) ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﻼﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :
.1 ﺍﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ( the ) ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺼﻮﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ , ﻓﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ( ﺫَ ) //ðə ﻣﺜﻞ ...
the bus, the car, the man ...........etc
.2 ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ( the ) ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺼﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﺔ , ﻓﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ( ﺫﻱ ) //ðɪ ﻣﺜﻞ ...
the apple, the open door, the other one .......etc
.3 ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﻠﻔﻆ ﻛﺼﻮﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﺎﻥ ( the ) ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ( ﺫً ) ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ 1 ﻣﺜﻞ ..
the European, the year, the young man, the university....etc
.4 ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺤﺮﻑ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻛﺼﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻪ , ﻓﺎﻥ ( the ) ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ( ﺫﻱ ) ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻗﻢ 2 ﻣﺜﻞ ...
The FBI (The Federal Bureau of Investigation). ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﺭﺍﻟﻲ
The RAF (The Royal Air Force). ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﻪ
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ the
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ( the ) ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻻﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﺜﻞ ...
The Johnsons have bought a new car. ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺟﻮﻧﺴﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻩ
We often stay at the Johnsons. ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﺎ ﻧﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺟﻮﻧﺴﻦ
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ( the ) ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﻧﻬﺮ , ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ , ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ...
The Thames, The Missouri, The Rhine, The Atlantic ocean , The Pacific , The Baltic sea …..etc
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ( the ) ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ , ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﻋﻢ , ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ , ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﻒ , ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﻋﻢ , ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎﺕ , ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭﺡ , ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺋﺪ ﻭﻣﺎﺷﺎﺑﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﻞ ...
The Grand Hotel
The Hilton
The British Museum
The Metropolitan
The Met ( Opera in New York )
The Times
The Observer
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ( the ) ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﺜﻞ ...
The Netherlands ﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ
The West Indies ﺟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﻪ
The Canaries ﺟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﺭﻱ
- ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ( the ) ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ... Lake Michigan
- ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ( the ) ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺜﻞ Mount Everest , Ben Nevis
- ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ( the ) ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ , ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ , ﺍﻟﺤﺪﺍﺋﻖ , ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ..
Oxford Street ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻛﺴﻔﻮﺭﺩ
Leicester Square ﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮ
Hyde Park ﻫﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﻙ
Buckingham Palace ﻗﺼﺮ ﺑﻜﻨﻐﻬﺎﻡ
Westminster Bridge ﺟﺴﺮ ﻭﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﻨﺴﺘﺮ
Kennedy Airport ﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﻱ
Harvard University ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻫﺎﺭﻓﺎﺭﺩ
Radcliffe College ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﻒ
ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ( all , both , double , half ) ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ( the ) ﻣﺜﻞ ...
All the time.
Both the brothers.
Double the sum.
My brother could do this in half the time.
خارج الموضوع تحويل الاكوادإخفاء الابتساماتإخفاء