ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻴﻪ Reflexive Pronouns
ﻭﻫﻲ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ , ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ , ﻭﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪ , ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻖ ﺑﺄﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ( self ) ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ( selves ) ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ , ﻭﺗﻜﺘﺐ ( myself ) ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻱ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ , ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ...
ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ
myself ﻧﻔﺴﻲ I hurt myself.
yourself ﻧﻔﺴﻚَ , ﻧﻔﺴﻚِ Did you hurt
yourself, John?
himself ﻧﻔﺴﻪُ He hurt
himself .
herself ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ She hurt
herself .
itself ﻧﻔﺴﻪُ , ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ The dog hurt
itself.
ourselves ﺍﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ We hurt
ourselves.
yourselves ﺍﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ Did you hurt
yourselves , boys?
themselves ﺍﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ They hurt
themselves .
oneself ﻧﻔﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺀ One cannot always defend
oneself .
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻴﺔ
- ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ( itself ) ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ , ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
A small child can’t look after itself. ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ
- ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻠﺔِ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ , ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺍﻥ ( myself ) ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ( I ) ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻋﻼﻩ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ( ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺬﻛﻴﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ )
- ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺨﻠﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ( yourself ) ﻭ ( yourselves ) ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻥ ( yourself ) ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺮﺩ ﻭ( yourselves ) ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ( ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺬﻛﻴﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ) ﻣﺜﻞ ..
Did you hurt yourself, John? ( ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ )
Did you hurt yourselves , boys? ( ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ )
Did you all enjoy yourselves ? ( ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ )
Help yourself. ( ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ )
Help yourselves . ( ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ )
خارج الموضوع تحويل الاكوادإخفاء الابتساماتإخفاء