ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ Reciprocal Pronouns
- ( one another , each other ) ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﻳُﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻼﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮﻥ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ , ﻳﺸﻌﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻓﻤﺜﻼً ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﻮﻙ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﺧﺘﻚ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﻚ ﺗﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﺧﻮﻙ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻲ ...
My brother and sister hate each other.
ﺃﺧﻲ ﻭﺃﺧﺘﻲ ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ
They hate one another . ﻫﻢ ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﺍﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﻻﺧﺮ
- ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺍﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ , ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ...
We help each other a lot.
ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺍً
You and I understand each other .
ﺍﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﻧﺎ ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ
We support one another through good times and bad.
ﻧﺪﻋﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺀ
They sent each other gifts from time to time.
ﻳﺮﺳﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﺍﻳﺎ ﻷﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻵﺧﺮ
- ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺮ ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ...
Tom and mark were jealous of each other .
ﺗﻮﻡ ﻭﻣﺎﺭﻙ ﻳﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺮ
They didn’t dare to look at one another .
ﻻ ﻳﺠﺮﺅﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺧﺮ
- ﻻﺣﻆ ﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ( each other ) ﻭ ( one another ) ﻓﺎﻥ ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻼﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﻦ ﺍﻭ ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ , ﺍﻻ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻔﻀﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ( each other ) ﻟﻼﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﻦ ﺍﻭ ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ( one another ) ﻟﻼﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﻦ ﺍﻭ ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ .
- ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔ , ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ( each ) ﻛﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ( the other ) ﻛﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺮ , ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻥ ( each ) ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎً ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺮﺩ , ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ...
Each accuses the other of dirty tricks.
ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺬﺭﺓ
Each appears to be unwilling to learn from the experience of the others.
ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﻏﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻳﻦ
- ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ( s‘ ) ﺍﻟﻰ ( each other ) ﺍﻭ ( one another ) ﺍﻭ ( the other ) ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ , ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ...
I hope that you all enjoy each other’s company.
ﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻓﻘﺔ ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ
Apes spend a great deal of time grooming one another’s fur.
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺩﺓ ﺗﻨﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺍﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻻﺧﺮ
خارج الموضوع تحويل الاكوادإخفاء الابتساماتإخفاء