ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ a , an ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ

ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ a , an ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ

 ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ a , an ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ‏( a ‏) ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺼﻮﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺜﻞ ... a book, a car, a dog , a dream , a pilot .......etc ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ‏( an ‏) ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺼﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ... an apple, an egg, an insect.....etc ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ‏( an ‏) ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺤﺮﻑ ‏( H ‏) ﺻﺎﻣﺖ , ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻥ ‏( H ‏) ﻻ ﻳﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﺜﻞ ... an hour, an honest person , the honour , an heir ....etc ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺤﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻠﻔﻆ ﻛﺼﻮﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ , ﻓﻨﻀﻊ ‏( a ‏) ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ... a European , a year , a young man , a university , a one way , a uniform , a UK passport , a US citizen ….etc ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺤﺮﻑ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻠﻔﻆ ﻛﺼﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻪ , ﻓﻨﻀﻊ ‏( an ‏) ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ... An X-ray ﺍﺷﻌﻪ an MP ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺮﻟﻤﺎﻥ  ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ‏( half , quite , such , what ‏) ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ... Ann has got such a sweet dag. This is quite an interesting book. What a big car! I’ll be back in half an hour. ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‏( some ‏) ﺑﺪﻻً ﻋﻦ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ... I’d like some cheese ﺍﻭﺩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻌﺪﺩﻭﻩ ﺍﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ ... There’s a hair on your jacket. ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺮﺗﻚ She has long red hair. ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﺣﻤﺮ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ We need to buy a new iron . ﻧﺤﻦ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﻪ ﻷﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻜﻮﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ These tools are made of iron . ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ There was a big traffic jam. ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﺯﺩﺣﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ I like jam on toast. ﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﺣﺐُ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺑﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ‏( an , a ‏) ﻣﻊ ﺗﻌﺎﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ... They make $ 60 a day. We live on £ 200 a week.  The Browns go a broad twice a year. I was driving 55 miles an hour. ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ No Articles in English ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎُ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﻩ ﻻﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ... ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻼﻗﺎُ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺜﻞ ... Can science explain everything in nature? ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻣﺜﻞ ... Times have changed ﺍﻻﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺕ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺗﻌﺎﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ ... We met at dawn (day break). ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ………..at sunrise. ﺷﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ - ﻓﺠﺮﺍُ ........... ………..at sunset. ﻏﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ .... ………..at noon. ﻇﻬﺮﺍً ........... ………..at dusk. ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻖ ........... ………..at night. ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ........... ﻻﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ I’ll see you after breakfast. I’ll see you before lunch. Tea is served at 4:30. If we don’t hurry up, we’ll be late for dinner. ﻻ ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ ... I went to bed early. He’s still in bed . We go to work at 7. They left home about 9. I’m going to college next year. ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﻟﻪ , ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﻪ , ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﻪ , ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ... Dr Brown Professor Smith President Kennedy Senator Watt Sir John Keel Lord Nelson Lady Hamilton Colonel Brow ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﻋﻴﺎﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ... Christmas , New Year’s Day, Easter(Easter Sunday),White Sunday Independence Day….etc ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‏( the ‏) ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﺿﻴﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺳﻨﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ... The Christmas of 1999. ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﻣﺜﻞ ... January, February.....etc I usually go fishing on Sundays. ﺑﺄﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ... The following Sunday. ﻻﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﻩ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ... Spring is a lovely season. ﻻﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺍﺕ , ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ , ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻌﺎﺕ , ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﻩ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﻪ ﺑﺼﻔﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ... Modern Europe South East Asia Ancient Greece French Canada Elizabethan England Sunny Spain Central Paris ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‏( the ‏) ﻣﻊ The United Kingdom ( The UK ) The United States ( The US ) The European Union ( The EU ) The Midwest The Middle East

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