ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﺔ Genitive
ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ..
ﺍﻭﻻُ - ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ Apostrophe ( ’ )
ﻭﻫﻲ ﻻﺣﻘﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﺎ , ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ( Genitive ) ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
- ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺯﻩ , ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟ ( S ) ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ s’) ) ﺍﻟﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑ ( ﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ) , ( s-plural ) ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻠﻚ ﻣﺜﻞ ...
John ’s bicycle.
Ginny’s mother didn ’t answer.
Howard came into the editor ’s office.
The horse ’s back.
Dick’s car.
- ﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺑ ( S ) ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ( S ) ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ , ﻓﻌﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ , ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ( s’ ) ﻣﺜﻞ ...
Charles ’s tennis racket.
The headmistress ’s son.
- ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺎُ ﺑ ( ﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ , s-plural ) , ﺍﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ , ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ( S ) ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ...
The horses’ backs.
I heard the girls’ steps on the stairs.
The Kirks go to publishers’ parties in Bloomsbury.
My sisters’ books.
- ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ( s , es ) ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ , ﻓﻌﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ , ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟ ( s ) ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ( s’ ) ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ ...
The children’s toys.
Men’s shoes.
- ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ( and ) ﻓﻌﻨﺪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ s‘) ) ﻓﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ...
…… Helen and Tim’s apartment.
…… Colin and Mary’s relationship.
The crowd met outside father and mother’s
house.
- ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻥ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﻦ ﺍﻭ ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﻳﻤﻠﻜﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ , ﻧﻀﻊ ( s‘ ) ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﻢ , ﻣﺜﻞ ...
The puppy was a superb blend of his father’s and mother’s best qualities.
- ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﻴﺘﻦ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ , ﻓﺎﻥ ( s‘ ) ﺗُﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺧﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ , ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ..
He went to his mother-in-law’s house.
The parade assembled in the Detective Constable’s room.
- ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ( s‘ ) ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻯ , ﻣﺜﻞ ...
He will get a majority of MPs’ votes in both rounds.
He found the BBC’s output, on balance, superior to that of ITV.
The majority of NATO’s members agreed.
- ﺍﻧﺘﺒﻪ .. ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻳﻀﺎً ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺬﻭﻓﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ...
he’s ==> he has or he is
can’t ==> cannot
ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎُ - ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺮ of
- ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺮ ( of ) ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ ...
The windows of the house.
The wheels of the car.
The colour of the flag.
- ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ( of ) ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻒ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ( ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎﻗﻞ ) ﻭﺗﺎﺗﻲ ( of ) ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ , ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﻪ , ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ ...
A glass of water.
Two cups of coffee.
A pint of bitter.
A bunch of flowers.
Five cartons of milk.
Group of students.
A kilo of apples.
- ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ( of ) ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ...
The People’s Republic of China.
The City of Stockholm.
The county of Devon. ( ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺩﻳﻔﻮﻥ )
The province of Baghdad.
- ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ( of ) ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ , ﺍﻻﻋﻴﺎﺩ , ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ...
In the winter of 2000.
The Christmas of 2000.
- ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ( of ) ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ( sort ,kind ) ﻣﺜﻞ ...
A new kind ofcomputer.
All sorts of people.
- ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍُ , ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻣﺜﻞ ...
Sam Johnson is a friend of my father’s.
This is an early painting of Picasso’s.
* ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻊ ( the
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