ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ Masculine and Feminine
- ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﺄﻧﻴﺚ ﺍﻭ ﺗﺬﻛﻴﺮ ﻟﻼﺳﻤﺎﺀ , ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻜﻼ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ teacher ﻭﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭ doctor ﺍﻭ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ writer
- ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺗُﺸﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﺎﺙ , ﻓﻤﺜﻼً ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﺏ father ﺍﺥ brother ﺍﺑﻦ son ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ .
- ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺎﺩﻝ waiter ﺷﺮﻃﻲ policeman .
- ﺍﻻ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺗُﺸﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺎﺙ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻡ mother ﺍﺧﺖ sister ﺍﺑﻨﺔ daughter ﻧﺎﺩﻟﺔ waitress ﻣُﻤﺜﻠﺔ actress ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ .sportwoman
- ﺗُﺸﻴﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑـ ess ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻧﺎﺙ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ actress ﻧﺎﺩﻟﺔ waitress ﻣﻀﻴﻔﺔ hostess .
- ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑـ woman ﺗُﺸﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻧﺎﺙ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﺮﻃﻴﺔ policewoman ﺧﻴﺎﻃﺔ needlewoman .
- ﻭﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑـ man ﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ postman ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗُﺸﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻜﻼ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻤُﺘﺤﺪﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻃﻘﺔ spokesman
- ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑـ person ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ chairperson ﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻃﻖ spokesperson ﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ , ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺗُﺸﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺣﺼﺮﺍً .
- ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻜﻼ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻄﺔ cat ﻭﻓﻴﻞ elephant ﻭﺣﺼﺎﻥ horse ﻭﻗﺮﺩ monkey ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﻑ sheep .
- ﺍﻻ ﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ , ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ dog ﻳُﺸﻴﺮ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺎﺙ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺔ duck
- ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﺎﺙ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ stallion ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺜﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ mare ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ farmer ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻱ vet
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